Wu Changshuo

Wu Changshuo (吴昌硕 Sep 12, 1844 - Nov 29, 1927), born Wu Junqing, was a prominent painter, calligrapher and seal artist of the late Qing Period.

Wu was born into a scholarly family in Huzhou, Zhejiang. In his twenties, Wu moved to Jiangsu Province and settled down in Suzhou. Prior to the collapse of the Great Qing, he served as an imperial official in Liaoning.

Initially, he devoted himself to poetry and calligraphy with a strong interest in early scripts. He also led the Xiling Society of the Seal Art, an academic organisation for Hangzhou-based seal artists. Only later did he consider himself a painter associated with the "Shanghai school." As a painter, he was noted for helping to rejuvenate the art of painting flowers and birds. He considered carving seals and doing paintings to be integrated to each other.

His work garnered him fame and was highly regarded in Japan.

Wu Changshuo, the first name Jun, also known as Junqing, the word Chang Shuo, and the Department of warehouse stone, Cangshi, how alias, common people have warehouse Shuo, old Cang, old Fou, bitter iron, Big deaf, Fou Road, stone and so on. Zhejiang Province Xiaofeng County Zhang Wu Village (now Huzhou Anji County) people. In the late Qing Dynasty, the famous Chinese painter, calligrapher, seal carving, "after the Shanghai" on behalf of Hangzhou Xilingyinshe first president, and Ren Bo years, Pu Hua, virtual valley collectively known as "the late Qing Dynasty four home." He set "poetry, books, paintings, India" as a blend of gold and stone painting and calligraphy as a furnace, known as "Shiguan seal first person", "literati painting the last peak." In the painting, calligraphy, seal carvings are flagship characters, in poetry, stone and so have a high attainments.
Wu Changshuo enthusiastic mention to carry back, Qi Baishi, Wang Yiting, Pan Tianshou, Chen Min Ding, Zhao Yunhe, Wang Gui, sand Menghai, etc. were allowed.
Wu Changshuo works set "Wu Changshuo album" "Wu Changshuo works" "bitter iron broken gold" "Fou House near ink" "Wu Pang stone map" "Fou House printed" and so on, poetry set "Fou House set".

Seal:
When he was influenced by his father, that is like a book, India engraved. Regular script learning Yan Lu Gong, following the school bell yuan; Li Shu learn Han stone carving; seal stone, with the pen of the law by Deng Shiru, Zhao Zhijian and others, later in the Pro wrote "Shigu" in the integration of change. Line book was Huang Tingjian, Wang Duo gestures of the side, the zodiac week of the chapter, one by the North monument and the seal of the book with the impact of Zhang, ups and downs, Qiu Run Jun insurance.

Wu Changshuo carving from the "Zhejiang faction" to start, after specializing in Han and India, but also by Deng Shiru, Wu let the, Zhao Zhijian and others, good at blank, or diagonal oblique, weather towering, Knife into the pen, seal carving male and beautiful, clumsy and simple, ugly and beautiful, ancient and now, change and positive. On the tripod tripod Yi, the next pour Qin and Han, to "front obtuse angle" of the knife, the money pine, Wu rush of cut, washed two knives combined with the law.

Wu Changshuo inherited the predecessors of the knife and the cutter on the basis of outstanding achievements, the integration of the long, in a large number of seal engraving creation practice, continue to explore, the knife and knife two knife together to form The combination of their own punching knife. This knife is flexible, or red in the cut, or cut in the red, and even cut in the cut ... ... this changeable knife, the knife knife Meng Li, very hard, straightforward and cut the subtle, Muddy into one, the book and the knife and the performance of the most vividly, so that his seal cutting machine law firm Luomao Mao in the appearance of personalized features highlights the out.

The incomplete knife method is a commonly used technique in Wu Changshuo 's seal cutting. We know that most of the ancient seal of the Qin and Han Dynasties for many years, soil erosion, natural weathering, printed surface and text lines lost the original flat and smooth, become incomplete. It is precisely these incomplete to us to the ancient, subtle, vigorous, Cangzhang and other special aesthetic effect, which is natural good fortune. Wu Changshuo is good at the talent, in the traditional red, cut on the basis of the knife, supplemented by knock, hit, chisel, grinding or borrowing gravel, soles, nails, etc., greatly enriched the performance of seal carving techniques, and creatively Seal the art of stone in the effect of the stone flavor, rose to the beauty of the new aesthetic realm.
The main seal works: "Shoushan old pit Qiao carved lion button" "made the world thing" "read through the ancient books," "good learning for the blessing," "black Qingtian" "January Anton order" "Huzhou Anji County" "Wu Junqing letter India and Japan longevity" "Anji Wu Jun chapter" "Lei Jun" "fresh" Fresh cream in the chrysanthemum "" Guirenli people ".

painting
The theme of the painting is mainly flower, but also for landscape. Early to get any guidance, and then participate in Zhao Qiqian painting, and mining by Xu Wei, eight, stone and Yangzhou eight strange family of the long, and use Zhuan, Li, cursive pen Italian painting, color ink full of ink, appearance. Its work re-body, still momentum, that "unrestrained at all degrees, subtle care of the spirit," rich stone gas. Stress pen, ink, Paitiao, inscription, seal and other density, with appropriate. Wu Changshuo said: "I was able to live in the law of the book can be painted."
He wrote the plum in a jingle pen and the grapes. The flowers and trees, the pen of the spicy, strong momentum, the layout of new, composition is also close to the seal of the book cloth, hi take "the word" and "female" word pattern, or for diagonal ramps. With the color like Zhao Zhiqian, hi with the contrast of the color, especially good with the Western red, rich color and color.
Wu Changshuo because of "grass seal book" into the painting, like to seek realism, the formation of the impact of modern Chinese painting straight stretch of mind, hearty dripping "freehand" pen and ink form.
He loves plum, to write a large seal and cursive pen for whom, plum, red and both, painted red plum moisture and color to reconcile just right, red and purple, pen and ink hearty. And liked as orchids, hi or thick or light ink and painted with a seal strokes, bold and powerful. Painted bamboo pole to light light wiping, leaves to thick ink out, dense and white, rich changes, or accompanied by pine, plum, stone, etc., become "double clear" or "three friends." Chrysanthemum is also often he painted the subject matter, accompanied by rock, or inserted into the high and thin vials, and chrysanthemums side by side. Chrysanthemum mostly yellow, or for the ink and red chrysanthemum. Ink chrysanthemum to coke painting, chrysanthemum leaves with a large spill, shades and white.
In their later years more peony, with bright carmine color, containing more water, and then dense foliage phase contrast, vibrant. Lotus, narcissus, pine and cypress is often the subject of painting.
Vegetables and fruits such as bamboo shoots, vegetables, gourds, pumpkin, peaches, loquat, pomegranate, etc. also one by one painting, very rich breath of life. Respected Zhou leisure fruit and vegetable style, works of color ink and use, vigorous vigorous, far-reaching impact on the recent birds and birds. [3]
The main painting works: "days bamboo flower" "wisteria map" "ink map" "May loquat map" "apricot flower map" "flower twelve screen" "plum" "flower four screen" "peony" "blue stone" "Turquoise map" "flowers" 2 "wisteria map" "miscellaneous pictures (the -, two)" "according to" "Tianxiang Lu" "Qi Ju Yan years" "muddy chrysanthemum map" "Peony map" "Peony Narcissus "Three years of solid" "character" "three thousand years of strong peach" "immortal longevity", "the rich and beautiful" "Shimei" "stone map" "Songmei map" "cold map" "peach real map" "fruit" "lamp under the book" "Gu Su silk painting" and so on.

Features
Jinshi breath: Wu Changshuo painting art is the first major feature of the stone atmosphere. The so-called stone atmosphere, refers to the castle on the gold and engraved on the stone with the text of the taste. People often say that the paintings of those who have a stone atmosphere, in fact, this standard is from Wu Changshuo's painting style after the emergence of only. For example, people talk about Xu Xiangteng, eight mountain people, they have never heard of the evaluation of their paintings have a stone atmosphere.
Pen force vigorous: Wu Changshuo painting art is the second largest feature of the forceful force. The so-called pen force vigorous, refers to the painting of the brush strokes Puzhuo, vast, spicy, very rounded, strong and strong sense of power. It is often said that Wu Changshuo painting atmosphere is very thick, very heavy, according to the circle of calligraphy and painting people is the "pen head" great. The so-called "head" is very large, not to say that he used a large brush, and that his breath is very vigorous, a pen down, muddy gold and plains, through the paper back, and the meaning of rich, meteorology.
Colorful: Wu Changshuo painting art is the third largest feature of color and color. In the past people always said that Chinese painting can not engage in so many colors, with too much color easy tacky. However, Zhang Jundong pointed out that Wu Changshuo painting with ink on the special thick, color is also particularly bold, especially bright and rich. For example, Wu Changshuo painted a lot of peony, many are red and purple, but it does not make people feel tacky, and very scholar that kind of character. So Zhang Jundong that the key to the color of Chinese painting is not how much, and in who to use and how to use.
Full of change
The fourth major feature of Wu Changshuo 's painting art is the change of writing and ink. Here also reflected in several aspects. Zhang Jundong, for example, said, such as Wu Changshuo chrysanthemum, you can be a chrysanthemum, whether it is positive, side, static, dynamic, can be painted very rich.

calligraphy:
Wu Changshuo's regular script, beginning learn Yan Lu Gong, Li Xi Han Dynasty stone carving, Huang Shujian, Wang Duo.
Wu Changshou calligraphy works, to seal the book, the grass-based, the old book of the official script, knot body longer, take the potential, pen with forceful, full, with seal marks, will seal, Li dissolved as a unique form.
Wu Changshuo's official script throughout the "Han Si San Gong Shan monument" "Zhang Qian monument" "Songshan stone" "Shimen Chung" and other Chinese monument. After middle age, the exhibition of many original stone and rubbings, select the stone as the main copy of the object. For decades, repeated study, it is for the stone Gu Wen concise Qiu Jin, unique style. 60 years after the book is particularly fine, round and tough. Written couplets in Shigu language. In his later years to seal the pen for the cursive, pen gestures, vigorous and vigorous,
"Xilingyinshe social record" is Wu Changshuo 71 years old to commemorate the establishment of Xilingyinshe and write the inscription, speech and calligraphy is superb, is Wu Chang Shuo book both old age Xiaozhuan art style masterpiece.

Poem:
Wu Changshuo good for poetry, bitter for decades, no time to break. His poems, surprising ancient, with more Code, not popular. But some quatrains purely white way, lively and natural, close to spoken, with bright and graceful features, style and folk songs are very similar. Some quatrains are lively and natural, close to spoken, with irony, to express the real sense of life. The poems of the poems are far-reaching and romantic. Commenting on the painting and calligraphy of the predecessors. The early years of the five ancient, some part of the irony, exposing the dark society at that time some of the phenomenon of injustice. His prose works written much, mostly preface and posthumous, textual research and painting and other items, write very simple and honest, approachable. Especially in the essay. Express the life of real sense, whip the ugly phenomenon, quite able to less wins; read vaguely with the author a lamp relative, sounds talk, it means very deep.

Published works:
"Park Taoyuan deposit", Shi Xuchen (bath rose) for the Tongzhi nine years old, in Gengwu (1870, when Wu Changshuo twenty-seven years old), Wu Yaohua Postscript. Title page Wu from the title seal "Park Taoying deposit" four words, another title "Admiralty Jade Island Indian Indian" character. In the spectrum of Mr. early morning handwritten five words and eight rhyme "test poem" six ink. A total of seal 103 side, are boundless section, line fitted two volumes, not published.
"Psyche vegetarian seal seal", from the title: "Tongzhi thirteen years (1874, thirty-one years old) A Xu spring Zhong Yu Yu Park Yu Guang.
"Qi Yun Museum of India", from the "Wu Junchang stone. 1876 (thirty-two years old).
"Zhuan Yunxuan printed deposit", 1879 (thirty-six years old). "Tiehan Hill Museum printed", 1881 (thirty-eight years old).
"Cut Gu Lu printing deposit," there are two volumes, four books and a book, for the regular processing of India after the release of scattered leaflets printed, so now see the binding of the good, the number of different printed, the content is not The same. Written in Guangxu Gui in 1883 (forty years old). Xu Kang Guangxu nine years (1883) February title.
"Yuan cover apartment Lu poetry", 1885 (forty-two years old).
"Fou House printed deposit", the beginning of four books, the title page and self-recorded woodcut Edition, 1889 (forty-six years old). There are printed 63 side, with side section, there Yang Xian and Wu's self-minded.
"Lu Lu poem" three volumes, and set poetry painting, Yan Ming, etc. Day: "Do not save", 1893 (50 years old).
"Fou House India deposit" two sets compiled, four of the book, printed 51 square, with printed models, there are Wu from the title. 1900 (57 years old).
"Wu Changchao Shigu Pro Ben", 1902 (fifty-nine years old) book, Japan's flat tail solitary to 1960 published in the "book" 101 period.
(1902), Xu Shikai series of Wuchang Shuo engraved, printed 149 square, of which 13 printed by Wu Changshuo for Xu's carved, with printed models, there Xu Shikai sequence.
"Wu Changsheng stone drum ink", 1908 (sixty-five) book, that is, by the possession of possession, Tan Ze Min book first. 1979 Shanghai Painting and Calligraphy Publishing House.
"Wu Pang stone plot" four books in 1911 there are book publishing.
"Wu Changsheng Shiguwen", Qian Jingming to Wu Changshuo sixty-five years (1908) Lin Ben engraved into the stone, in 1910 by the Shanghai ancient vegetarian seal printed on the world.
"Mr. Wu Changshuo Flower Book", published in 1914 (seventy-one) Commercial Press.
"Fou House printed deposit" three sets of four books, 1914 (seventy-one years) Shanghai Xilingyinshe published. There are Ge Chang Ying (book sign) order, Wu Yin (stone potential) inscription. Printed 58 side, with printed models. Four sets of four books is Wu Yin "near the visit or by friends," for Xu India 47 side, with printed models, there Wu order.
"Wu Changshuo Lin Shiguwen", the end of the title "Jia Yin (1914, seventy-one years old) in June Lin Ruan carved days a Court Song of the Northern Song Dynasty full text." Shanghai Volkswagen Bookstore in 1914 popular, blunt root title sign
"Xilingyinshe in mind", 1914 Wu Changshuo author and book.
"Bitter iron broken gold" four, 1915 (seventy-two years) Shanghai Xilingyinshe lithographs published. One of them is "Shigu Wen Pro".
"Wu Chang Shuo Lin Shimu ink", 1918 (seventy-five years old) Lin Ben, Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House in 1988 out.
"Fou House printed deposit" eight volumes, Zhang Bian group set extension Mr. engraved. 1919 (seventy eight).
"Fou Lu Yin Jing extension" of a book, the spectrum for the Wu to self-use India with the gift of its friends Pan Fei sound, 36 copies of the printing. In 1919, self-published, there are Pan's small mind.
"Wu Changshuo, Zhao Ziyun collection", Sun Xue mud, 1920 (seventy-nine years old).
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