Print media
The print media include the following 12 newspapers and 6 magazines.
Journalism
The Kuensel, a newspaper of a government-owned corporation, circulates six days a week in Dzongkha and English. Beginning in April 2006, it competes with the Bhutan Times, Bhutan's first government-authorized privately owned newspaper. In late 2006, another private newspaper, the Bhutan Observer began publication. The Bhutan Today, an English daily newspaper launched in October 2008. In late September 2009, the first Financial Newspaper of Bhutan was launched with the name Business Bhutan.
According to Freedom House, private newspapers in Bhutan face "financial fragility" and rely on government advertisements for approximately 80 percent of their income. Since private media outlets were made legal in 2006, the number of private media outlets has grown, reducing the access of each outlet to that revenue. In 2012, a financial crisis occurred and the government chose to only run advertisements for the then-upcoming 2013 elections on state media outlets. Due to their financial condition, newspapers cut their staff, and some implemented additional cost-cutting measures such as switching from publishing daily to publishing bi-weekly and temporarily ceasing to produce a print edition. The government was accused of intentionally reducing advertising revenue to retaliate against The Bhutanese's reporting on governmental corruption.
English-language newspapers
Kuensel was founded in 1965 as an internal government newsletter, converted into a newspaper in 1986, which was decoupled from the government in 1992. Since April 27, 2009 Kuensel has been published six times a week from Monday to Saturday and covers a wide range of topics.
Bhutan Times started on April 30, 2006 and appears weekly on Sundays. It covers a broad mix of regional, national and international news and reports. The newspaper is a corporation held by 289 shareholders and sponsors.
Bhutan Observer started on June 2, 2006 as the first non-governmental, bilingual newspaper that mainly covers rural news and social issues.
Bhutan Today started on October 30, 2008 and appears twice a week on Thursday and Sunday, covering all topics that are in the broadest sense of national interests.
Business Bhutan, launched on September 26, 2009, is Bhutan's first business newspaper to contribute to business and finance. The newspaper appears weekly on Saturday.
Since December 20, 2009, The Journalist has been published on Sundays as a weekly newspaper that covers a wide range of popular topics.
Bhutan Youth published its first edition on May 7, 2011. It is the first youth newspaper in Bhutan with a 24-page edition that is published weekly on Sundays. The newspaper is bilingual, with more articles written in English than Dzongkha.
The Bhutanese was launched on February 21, 2012 as a twice a week newspaper on Wednesdays and Saturdays. The focus of the paper is on courageous and investigative reports on political, economic and social issues that reveal misconduct and call for accountability.
Dzongkha newspapers
Druk Neytshuel was launched on August 29, 2010 and is Bhutan's first newspaper to appear only in Dzongkha. Druk Neytshuel is a Sunday weekly newspaper with a nationwide circulation, which covers the sectors of history, culture, sports, economic and social developments, entertainment and religion.
Druk Yoedzer started on February 19, 2011 as a nationwide, weekly Saturday newspaper. It covers national and local news, ranging from business, features, entertainment, customs and religion to sports and astrology.
Gyalchi Sarshog was launched on November 12, 2011 and appears weekly on Saturday. The aim of the newspaper is to bring national and international news to people who can only read Dzongkha. It offers news and reports on culture, religion, astrology, entertainment, business and sport.
Druk Melong started on May 20, 2012 as a weekly newspaper on Sundays. Thematically it covers politics, national and international news, law and crime, open debates, health, education, youth, entertainment as well as local news from the Dzongkhags and Gewogs.
Magazines
There are various types of magazines
Druk Trowa, launched in September 2009, is the country's first film and entertainment magazine. In its quarterly editions, it mainly deals with news and information related to the film industry.
Yeewong is Bhutan's first and only women's magazine to date that started on October 1, 2009. It is aimed primarily at women in Bhutan and is published three times a year.
Student Digest was launched in October 2010 and is a quarterly educational magazine that is distributed to schools nationwide.
Bhutan Timeout has been published quarterly since April 11, 2012 and covers news about travel, hospitality and entertainment.
The Raven has been Bhutan's only monthly magazine on social, cultural, art and political issues since 2012. The Raven is Bhutan's first glossy paper publication.
The Voyager started on August 9, 2013. The quarterly magazine, which advertises Bhutan as a travel destination and offers tourism information, is distributed at home and abroad.
Broadcasting
The Bhutan Broadcasting Service was established in 1973 as a radio service, broadcasting in short wave nationally, and on the FM band in Thimphu. The service started television broadcasts in 1999, making Bhutan the last country in the world to introduce television. As part of the King's modernization program, cable television was introduced shortly after. By 2002, however, the crime rate had increased appreciably, and the introduction of cable television is alleged to be responsible for the spurt in crime.The Bhutan Broadcasting Service (BBS) has been expanded and will be available Bhutan and will also be available in the region. The signal can be received in almost 40 other countries from Turkey to Indonesia. The Bhutan Broadcasting Service has now assumed the role of a true national broadcaster said by the minister of information and communications. In 2008 the adoption of the constitution by Lyonpo Leki Dorji meant that the BBS would now be taking on a more pivotal in educating the public. When they took the role to educate the public this meant they had to improve the quality of news and programs because it became imperative. Sudhir Vyas, ambassador of Bhutan, thinks India is privileged to be associated with the development of media in Bhutan. The launch was a true testimony and the support the government had for the media.text[according to whom?] This symbolized the role that the government played in the development of Bhutan. The Bhutan Broadcasting Service has also been said to be the cheapest and easiest way to educate people.
Broadcasting is the most effective medium in Bhutan and by far reaches the largest audience. From November 1973, a group of volunteers from the National Youth Association of Bhutan operated the country's first broadcasting station, Radio NYAB, with a 30-minute news and music program that was only broadcast on Sundays. In 1986 Radio NYAB was renamed Bhutan Broadcasting Service and the program was extended to three hours a day. As of 2012, BBS Radio will be broadcast around the clock and can be received nationwide. In addition to the public broadcaster BBS RadioFive private stations have recently established themselves: Kuzoo FM (2006), Radio Valley (2007), Centennial Radio (2008), Radio Wave (2010), Yiga FM (2013). Only Kuzoo FM can be received nationwide in 18 of a total of 20 Dzongkhags (districts). The reception area of the other stations is so far limited to the metropolitan area around the capital Thimphu.
TV
Only shortly before the turn of the millennium television was introduced in Bhutan. The Bhutan Broadcasting Service television broadcaster, BBS TV, which went live on June 2, 1999, is the only broadcaster to target local news and programs within Bhutan. In February 2006, the BBS launched its satellite television offering, which can be received in almost 40 Asian countries from Turkey in the west to Indonesia in Southeast Asia. Cable television services are now available in 19 Dzongkhags and offer approximately 40 different channels.
Electronic media
The government issued an order to DoT MoC in April 1999 to make internet working until June 2, 1999, giving them three months to get done. Bhutan has about 295,000 Internet users, 25,200 landline subscribers, and 676,000 mobile phone subscribers. Bhutan's only Internet service provider is Druknet which is owned by Bhutan Telecom. The mobile subscriber in 2014 was at 14%. As the market began to mature in 2015 it was 5% and 2% in 2015 and 2016, as market penetration reached 88% in 2016. It has been predicted in the next five years or so there will be a moderate growth. Over this time the mobile subscriber has reached an excessive of 100% at times. Internet access in the country has had a major boost by mobile networks, largely by EDGE/GPRS and the new 3G technology platforms. Even though this is the case now because they have been isolated from the rest of the world for a long time until the 1990s. The fixed telephone lines are declining in Bhutan from a small base as the mobile segment keeps expanding. Penetrations have dropped over the years as in 2014 dropped to 3.1%, 2015 dropped to 2.9%, and 2016 dropped to 2.7%. Internet in Bhutan developed down a slow path during the beginning of the internet because the country embraced the internet cautiously which is still continuing to be low because the country is struggling economically. Fixed broadband penetration is increasing from a small base as it has continued over the past few years. Penetration has increased by 2.3% in 2012, 3.1% in 2014, 4% in 2016, and is predicted to grow in the next five years until 2021.
Film
"Gasa Lamai Singye" was the first film movie made by Ugyen Wangdi the founder of the Country's fledgling cinema in 1989. The Bhutanese lama Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche is a well-known filmmaker, who produced and directed The Cup and Travellers and Magicians. While The Cup was shot in a Tibetan monastery in northern India, Travellers and Magicians was the first feature film to be filmed entirely in Bhutan, with a cast consisting entirely of Bhutanese people. No professional actors were used in either film. Historically, films in Bhutan were often adaptations of Bollywood films however in recent years film makers are aiming at defining Bhutanese cinema, nevertheless influence from Bollywood is still a major inspiration. More recently the popularity of Korean dramas have also had some effect on Bhutanese cinema.
The Film Association of Bhutan, FAB, was founded on September 9, 1999. Its aim is to advance the professionalization of domestic filmmakers, to promote the culture and traditions of Bhutan through documentary and feature films, and to make Bhutan's film industry known both nationally and internationally.
Internet and Social Media
Bhutan has been connected to the worldwide Internet since 1999. Nationwide there is an internet offer via the mobile network provider Bhutan Telecom. In 2016, 36.9% of the population used the Internet.
Freedom of the press
The international non-governmental organization Reporters Without Borders has been publishing its worldwide ranking of press freedom since 2002. In 2002 and 2003, Bhutan, along with North Korea and China, was among the five countries with the worst violations of press freedom. With the introduction of private media in 2006 and a parliamentary form of government in 2008, Bhutan improved to 64th place in 2010, but has since dropped back to 104th place in 2015.
As of 2017, Bhutan took 84th place with the “recognizable problems” rating. While the constitution guarantees freedom of expression and the press, it is criticized that criticism of the king is prohibited by law and that statements that could violate the honor of the nation are not permitted. Many journalists consider themselves to be self-censored. In addition, the private media are dependent on income from government advertisements due to the economic situation.
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