Applied ecology

Applied ecology is a sub-field within ecology that considers the application of the science of ecology to real-world (usually management) questions. It is also described as a scientific field that focuses on the application of concepts, theories, models, or methods of fundamental ecology to environmental problems.

Its goal is to use the living and non-living resources from ecosystems, from which humans receive many benefits, in a sustainable manner. It also aims to study and develop measures to combat the excessive impact of humankind on the natural world in recent years and the associated destruction of ecosystems. In that sense, it is an academic field that includes conservation ecology and landscape ecology.

Because it deals with the impact that human society has on ecosystems, the field is closely related to engineering, particularly hydraulic engineering and environmental engineering. In fact, hydraulic engineering, agricultural engineering, fisheries science, environmental engineering, and landscaping engineering all require a certain degree of understanding of applied ecology. For this reason, it can be said that applied ecology is also an academic field that requires understanding from government agencies in charge of hydraulic engineering, civil engineering (river administration), construction, etc.

Concept

Applied ecology is an integrated treatment of the ecological, social, and biotechnological aspects of natural resource conservation and management. Applied ecology typically focuses on geomorphology, soils, and plant communities as the underpinnings for vegetation and wildlife (both game and non-game) management.

Applied ecology includes all disciplines that are related to human activities so that it does not only cover agriculture, forestry and fisheries but also global change. It has two study categories. The first involves the outputs or those fields that address the use and management of the environment, particularly for its ecosystem services and exploitable resources. The second are the inputs or those that are concerned with the management strategies or human influences on the ecosystem or biodiversity.

The discipline is often linked to ecological management on the grounds that the effective management of natural ecosystems depends on ecological knowledge. It often uses an ecological approach to solve problems of specific parts of the environment, which can involve the comparison of plausible options (e.g. best management options).

The role of applied science in agricultural production has been brought into greater focus as fluctuations in global food production feed through into prices and availability to consumers.

Approaches

Applied ecologists often use one or more of the following approaches, namely, observation, experimentation, and modeling. For example, a wildlife preservation project could involve: observational studies of the wildlife ecology; experiments to understand causal relationships; and the application of modeling to determine the information beyond the scope of experimentation.

The ecological approach used in applied ecology could include inputs from management strategies such as conservation biology, restoration ecology, global change, ecotoxicology, biomonitoring, biodiversity, environmental policies, and economics, among others. Restoration ecology is a particularly prominent strategy in the discipline since it applies the principles of restoring and repairing damaged ecological systems to their original state.

Like those used in ecological theory, many areas of the discipline employ approaches that are based on simple statistical and analytic models (e.g. spatial models) as well as those with mathematical properties (e.g. matrix models). There is also the digital computer simulation modeling, which is designed to solve statistical ecology problems and to achieve bioeconomic goals such as the forecasting and the evaluation of consequences for specific activities.

Applied ecology also requires human interest, particularly the exercise of judgments of relative values and goals.

Applications

Applied ecology can be applied to the economic development process. The discipline, for example, can be integrated into the national economic planning to comprehensively address environmental concerns since these problems are intersectoral and interdisciplinary in nature.

Aspects of applied ecology include:

Agro-ecosystem management

Biodiversity conservation

Biotechnology

Conservation biology

Disturbance management

Ecosystem restoration

Environmental engineering

Environmental technology

Habitat management

Invasive species management

Landscape use (including development planning)

Protected areas management

Rangeland management

Restoration ecology

Wildlife management (including game)

Major journals in the field include:

Journal of Applied Ecology

Ecological Applications

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research

Related organizations include:

Ecological Society of America (The Americas)

Society for Ecological Restoration (Global)

Institute for Applied Ecology (USA)

Kazakh Agency of Applied Ecology

Öko-Institut (Institute for Applied Ecology) (in Germany)

Sourced from Wikipedia