History
Origins
After the collapse of the Kingdom of Urartu (Ararat), the region was placed under the administration of the Median Empire and the Scythians. Later the territory was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire, which incorporated it as a satrapy, and thus named it the land of "Armina" (in Old Persian; "Harminuya" in Elamite; "Urashtu" in Babylonian).
Orontid Dynasty
The Orontid Dynasty, or known by their native name, Eruandid or Yervanduni, was a hereditary dynasty of ancient Armenia, and the rulers of the successor state to the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu (Ararat). Historians state that the dynasty was of Iranian origin, and suggest, albeit not clearly, that it held dynastic familial linkages to the ruling Achaemenid dynasty. Throughout their existence, the Orontids stressed their lineage from the Achaemenids in order to strengthen their political legitimacy.
Members of the dynasty ruled Armenia intermittently during the period spanning from the 6th to at least the 2nd centuries BC, first as client kings or satraps of the Median and Achaemenid empires and later, after the collapse of the Achaemenid empire, as rulers of an independent kingdom, and later as kings of Sophene and Commagene, which eventually succumbed to the Roman Empire.
The Orontids established their supremacy over Armenia around the time of the Scythian and Median invasion in the 6th century BC. Its founder was Orontes I Sakavakyats (Armenian: Երվանդ Ա Սակավակյաց, Yervand I Sakavakyats). His son, Tigranes Orontid, united his forces with Cyrus the Great and killed Media's king. Moses of Chorene called him "the wisest, most powerful and bravest of Armenian kings."
From 553 BC to 521 BC, Armenia was a subject kingdom of the Achaemenid Empire, but when Darius I was king, he decided to conquer Armenia. He sent an Armenian named Dâdarši to stop a revolt against Persian rule, later replacing him with the Persian general, Vaumisa, who defeated the Armenians in 521 BC. Around the same time, another Armenian by the name of Arakha, son of Haldita, claimed to be the son of the last king of Babylon, Nabonidus, and renamed himself Nebuchadnezzar IV. His rebellion was short lived and was suppressed by Intaphrenes, Darius' bow carrier.
After the Battle of Gaugamela (331 BC), Orontes III was able to regain independence for Armenia. But in 201 BC, Armenia was conquered by Artashes, a general from the Seleucid Empire, and also said to be a member of Orontid dynasty. The last Orontid king Orontes IV was killed, but the Orontids continued to rule in Sophene and Commagene until the 1st century BC.
In two inscriptions of king Antiochus I of Commagene on his monument at Mount Nemrut, Orontes I (son of Artasouras and husband of Artaxerxes' daughter Rhodogoune), is reckoned as an ancestor of the Orontids ruling over Commagene, who traced back their family to Darius the Great.
Armenia Achaemenid satraputyun
BCE In the 70s of the 6th century the first pan-Armenian state was founded in the Armenian Highland, the Kingdom of Yervanduni. Clashing with the Maro-Persian power that had become a formidable force in the Middle East and forced to recognize its sovereignty, it nevertheless maintained its state independence, territorial integrity, spiritual-cultural independence and viability that were firmly established in the early centuries.
The state borders of Armenia coincided exactly with the ethnic borders of the Ararat State and the Armenian people. Greek historian Herodotus, referring to Hecateus Miletus' calendar, BC In the 6th and 5th centuries Armenia represented a large, monolithic, Armenian-populated country, the borders of which extended south-east to the Lesser Tsav River and Marastan, in the south to Adiabene (Assyria), in the northwest to Pontus, in the west, or to Greater West original Cappadocia, and southwest to Cilicia. The historian considers it an integral part of ArmeniaEuphrates west of Practice, which coincided referred Katpatuka (Old Persian inscriptions of ancient Armenian sources, Kaputke, Kaputkogh later, Lesser Armenia) region.
Media Ajdahak king's military commander, and small-scale Persian king Cyrus the Great, BC 553 in allied Armenia Yervandouni the dynasty, rebelled Median king Azhdahak against and overthrow him, captured the capital Yekbatane, royal treasures and, allied with the winning part of the Median rule states, based on Aryan or Aryan confederation, which is in modern science continue to be called the Achaemenid state. They called the Persians their Aryan Power: Ariyānām Xšaçam, literally: Aryan World, Aryan Land. It Ariyanamthe word is derived from Ariana - Iran yerkranune .
The Persian court, deeply appreciating the military potential of the country and avoiding new uprisings, was forced to recognize the rule of the Yervandans in Armenia. At the same time, the Persian king turned them into Persian satraps. At times, however, the satratic authority was sometimes delegated to the representatives of the Persian Council of Elders. For nearly two centuries Armenia has been one of the satellites of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, occupying an important and honorable place in their system. Armenia, being the main country of Persian XIII satrap, paid 400 talents to the Persian royal court and handed over 20,000 horsemen to the Persian army, which proves not only the country's greatness but also its wealth. As subjects of the Achaemenid power, the Armenian king-satraps with their troops participated in the wars waged by the Persian power. It was especially proclaimed for the Armenian burner.
Yervandakan the dynasty, the Achaemenid dynasty and the relationship being associated with the great Persian families were constantly maintain their royal traditions and Armenians.
Hakaparskakan revolt (522-521 BC)
The political situation in the Middle East changed radically after the death of Cyrus the Great and King Tigran the Armenian, when King Darius I Vshtasp came to power.
In response to the rise of the Darius throne, all Persian subjects, including Armenia, rebelled. With great difficulty in suppressing the uprisings against the power, Darius I, in praise of his victories against his rebels, engraved the trilingual inscription on the rock of Behistun. In the Persian and Elamite parts of the latter, Armenia is called Armina, and Armenians are called Arminian. In the Akkadian-Babylonian part of Armenia, Armenia continues to be called the Urathu by virtue of tradition.
Armenia has shown stubborn and fierce resistance to the armies of King Darius. The rebellion of the Armenians could only be suppressed after five bloody battles, the places of which are not known. One of the armies was headed by an Armenian honored by the Persian dynasty, and the other by a Persian. The Behistun inscription shows that no country has shown such stubborn resistance to the Persian invaders as Armenia. The Persian military had somehow lost in four battles, and only after the fifth battle did the country recognize the rule of the Achaemenid Persia. Judging by all, one of the reasons for the uprising was that the Persian court had abolished the Armenian kingdom. But after suppressing the rebellion, in order not to cause new excitement,
Babeloniayum hakaparskakan also led the rebellion in peanuts origin.
Satrapakan Armenia by Xenophon
Cyrus the younger brother of the Persian king Xerxes BC In 401 he rebels against him, but he loses and is killed in a decisive battle. There were 10,000 Greek mercenaries in his troops. The latter was forced to return to the country, not after the Cyrus assassination, which was occupied by Persian troops, but with the retreat to the Black Sea coast of Mesopotamia and Armenia. One of the commanders of that army was the Greek writer and commander Xenophon, whose "Anabasis" work preserved a detailed description of Armenian satrapies. The Kingdom of ArmeniaThe Persian satrap, which at that time continued to consist of two parts, respectively called Eastern and Western Armenia. The first center was Erebuni (Yerevan) and the second center was Van.
BCE At the end of the 5th century the ruler of Armenia was Satrap Yervand (404 BC - 360 BC), who was married to Achaemenid.with the princess. He continued to represent the Armenian royal power at the same time. His deputies were the consuls of the two districts of satrap, one of whom was Persian. Being limited in number and aware of the difficulties of returning to their homeland, the Greeks passing through Armenia bypassed fortified cities, fortresses, and temples, and the encounter with them could be fatal. For this reason, they avoided unnecessary clashes, preferring to camp in villages with abundant food and unprotected. Xenophon describes rural houses that were underground, with separate portions and entrances for humans and animals. Each village had its own peasant. Greeks in Armenia record the existence of beer.
Recently Achemenidų imperija domination or the collapse Armenia is divided into two unequal parts, the eldest of the source, and the youngest, Lesser name.
"... There was also (in Armenia) wheat and barley, and barley, and wine made of barley among the craters, on whose face were floating barley beans; There were also reeds in the craters, large and small, without knees. To grow, one had to put the tip of that reed in his mouth and suck. And it was very strong if they did not mix water, and it was a very appetizing drink for the ordinary man."
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