Discovery in observation

Discovery is the act of detecting something new, or something "old" that had been unrecognized as meaningful. With reference to sciences and academic disciplines, discovery is the observation of new phenomena, new actions, or new events and providing new reasoning to explain the knowledge gathered through such observations with previously acquired knowledge from abstract thought and everyday experiences. A discovery may sometimes be based on earlier discoveries, collaborations, or ideas. Some discoveries represent a radical breakthrough in knowledge or technology.

One discovery, according to Meyer's Conversation Lexicon, is the discovery of what already existed but not yet known, such as a new land, a new celestial body, a new animal, plant, or mineral species, as well as new facts and laws in the field of the different natural sciences.

The discovery, like the invention in contrast, can be accidental or deliberate. Intentional discovery always involves an excellent talent for making observations, experiments, or speculation, or perhaps a great enterprising spirit (for example, to discover a new country or continent). In the discovery history of the earth one speaks - from the western cultural circle from view - particularly since Christopher Columbus of an age of the discoveries.

Description
New discoveries are acquired through various senses and are usually assimilated, merging with pre-existing knowledge and actions. Questioning is a major form of human thought and interpersonal communication, and plays a key role in discovery. Discoveries are often made due to questions. Some discoveries lead to the invention of objects, processes, or techniques. A discovery may sometimes be based on earlier discoveries, collaborations or ideas, and the process of discovery requires at least the awareness that an existing concept or method can be modified or transformed. However, some discoveries also represent a radical breakthrough in knowledge.

Within science
Within scientific disciplines, discovery is the observation of new phenomena, actions, or events which helps explain knowledge gathered through previously acquired scientific evidence. In science, exploration is one of three purposes of research, the other two being description and explanation. Discovery is made by providing observational evidence and attempts to develop an initial, rough understanding of some phenomenon.

Discovery within the field of particle physics has an accepted definition for what constitutes a discovery: a five-sigma level of certainty. Such a level defines statistically how unlikely it is that an experimental result is due to chance. The combination of a five-sigma level of certainty, and independent confirmation by other experiments, turns findings into accepted discoveries.

Exploration
Discovery can also be used to describe the first incursions of peoples from one culture into the geographical and cultural environment of others. Western culture has used the term "discovery" in their histories to subtly emphasize the importance of "exploration" in the history of the world, such as in the "Age of Exploration".

Examples
Discovery of America
Discovery of the "true solar system" by Copernicus
Discovery of nuclear fission
Discovery of radioactivity
Discovery of Tasmania
List of discoveries of the planets and their moons

Source from Wikipedia