Typology (in urban planning and
architecture) is the taxonomic classification of (usually physical)
characteristics commonly found in buildings and urban places, according to
their association with different categories, such as intensity of development
(from natural or rural to highly urban), degrees of formality, and school of
thought (for example, modernist or traditional). Individual characteristics
form patterns. Patterns relate elements hierarchically across physical scales
(from small details to large systems).
For an authoritative essay on Typology in
urban planning and architecture, see Rafael Moneo's 1978 Essay 'On Typology',
published in Oppositions magazine. In this article the history of the notion of
type is traced from its origins in the French Enlightenment until the late 20th
century.
The following is an example of a set of
characteristics with typological associations:
Single-family detached homes set well back
from a street on large lots (about, one-fifth acre to two or more acres) and
surrounded by mowed lawns with naturalistic ornamental plantings of trees and
shrubs are associated typologically with North American suburban places.
Single-family residences that come all the
way forward on an individual lot so that the front of the building is coincident
with front lot line, or which are set back only a few feet to accommodate a
lightwell or front entry stoop, are associated typologically with highly
urbanized places in North America.
An emphasis on typology is characteristic
of New Urbanism. New Urbanists believe it is important to match the physical
development characteristics of a place within the appropriate typology for that
place, as determined by local preferences taken in context with urban patterns
as evidenced throughout history. Modernists, in keeping with their general
disinclination to keep within the constraints of tradition and hierarchies of
patterns, are less likely to focus on identifying the correct typology of a
site.
Source From Wikipedia
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