The buildings are separated from each other by an ancient path that in the late age took the name of Via Biberatica, which runs halfway up the slope of the hill. The lower part, starting from the hole level, includes the buildings of the "Grande emiciclo", divided into three floors and two "headboards" at the ends, and "Piccolo emiciclo", with three-story environments. Two stairs at the ends of the Great Hemicycle allow you to reach the upper planes and the Biberatic Street.
The "Trajan's Markets" are an articulated architectural complex that, using the ductile constructional technique of opus latericium (Roman concrete covered by a brick parlor), exploits all the available spaces, obtained by cutting the slopes of the hill, Various forms at different levels of the monument. This articulation allows to pass, with wide breath, the curved shape of the exedra behind the porticoes of the Trajan Forum, to the rectilinear of the surrounding urban fabric.
The brickwork finish is also considerably decorative: in particular on the façade of the "Grande emiciclo", an order of pilaster frames the windows of the second floor, topped by triangular alternates, or arched and side by side with two triangular timpani means ("broken tympanum "). This decorative party, always in sight and designed by many Renaissance artists, is made of specially shaped bricks (also found in marcapian frames in other parts of the particularly well-groomed complex). Historical traces of Hellenistic architecture (the palace of the Columns of Tolemaid in Cirenaica) and some second-style paintings are found.
The open spaces on the exterior or interior paths had a "modular" structure: covered with barrel vaults, they had a large door with thresholds, lintels and travertine jambs, topped by a small square window that could give light to a mezzanine Of interior wood. This is the typical form of commercial spaces (tabernae), normally found on the ground floor of the Roman insulae: these are the environments which at the time of the discovery suggested for the complex a commercial function and induced him to give him the modern name of "Markets" of Trajan.
Throughout the complex, the environments were mostly covered by masonry vaults, the simplest forms of barrel vaults, the semipupes that cover the larger environments, the complex roofing system of the "Grand Hall", with six times cruciform support On expanded pillars with travertine shelves and lined upstairs with environments containing lateral thrusts, linked to the archway structure that allowed the passage in the corridor in front.
The new Museum of the Imperial Fora (Italian: Museo dei Fori Imperiali) houses a wealth of artifacts from all of ancient Rome's forums.
The Trajan's Markets The Museum of the Imperial Forums is part of the Municipal Museum System, the civic museums of Rome Capital.
Opened in autumn 2007, it aims to illustrate the ancient architecture of the Imperial Forums and their architectural and sculptural decoration. The re-compositions of some partitions of ancient buildings, made with original fragments, castings and modular stone integrations, are presented, according to the museographic choice of reversibility, which are intended to return to the visitor the perception of their original three-dimensionality and to appreciate the richness Of figurative programs, tools of imperial propaganda.
The exhibition trail begins in the "Grand Hall" with the introduction to the Imperial Forum area, each of which is a particularly significant piece. At the upper level of the "Grand Hall" are sections of the museum dedicated to the Caesar's Forum and the Temple of Mars Ultore in the Augustus Forum ("Old Memory"). On the same plane, the museum continues in the "Central Body" with the section dedicated to the Augustus Forum, also illustrating its function as a "model" for the holes of the provincial capital of Rome.
The environments at the top of Trajan's Markets, hosting the museum, were the subject of major structural and conservative restorations in the years 2005-2007. The museum will be completed with the section on the Trajan Forum, which will be housed in the "Headroom" halls, in direct contact with the ancient remains after the necessary restorations.
At the end of this hall, a large balcony offers a beautiful view of the markets, Trajan's Forum, and the Vittoriano. This is actually a part of the Via Biberatica (from the Latin bibo, bibere meaning "to drink"; the street was the location for several of the Roman taverns and grocers' shops in the area). The road cuts through Trajan's Market.
On the lower part there are also two large halls, probably used for auditions or concerts. A shop housed in the Market is known as a taberna. The giant exedra formed by the market structure was originally mirrored by a matching exedral boundary space on the south flank of Trajan's Forum.
The grand hall of the market is roofed by a concrete vault raised on piers, both covering and allowing air and light into the central space. The market itself is constructed primarily out of brick and concrete.
Since 1985 over 40,000 fragments originating from the forum area have been catalogued and documented from deposits created after excavations carried out in the 20th century. A seemingly huge quantity of finds but in reality they represent a small percentage of what was the enormous quantity of marble facing and super-structure blocks which made up the Antiquarium Forense (Forum District).
Over the last 20 years, works carried out in the deposits of the forums and markets have focussed on the treatment and restoration of these fragments. However, they have also focussed on making an inventory of all the fragments using photographic documentation. It was this detailed gathering of data which made it possible to identify the most significant pieces for the reconstruction of ancient buildings and their decorative details.
When possible the approach to reassembling original fragments has carefully avoided the introduction of pins. Only when the use of additional newly cut stone and/or resin mouldings was impossible to include for various reasons in the exhibits’ assembly are there pins. Once reassembled, the exhibits then underwent graphical documentation and restoration; a rigorous process that has saved some fragments from complete loss. The identification of new contexts and the definition of architectural orders, and hence the appearance of forum complexes, have formed the basis of study for The Museum of the Imperial Forums project.
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