Zhou Fang

Zhou Fang (730 AD - 800 AD), courtesy name Zhonglang, was an influential painter during the mid-Tang dynasty. Zhou lived in the Tang capital of Chang'an, which is now modern Xi'an, during the 8th century. He came from a noble background and this was reflected in his works, such as Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers and Court Lady With Servants. He was influenced by the pure and detailed style of Gu Kaizhi and Lu Tanwei from the Six dynasties in his work. The late Tang art critic Zhu Jingxuan said: "Zhou Fang's Buddha, celestial beings, figures, and paintings of beautiful women are all incredible masterpieces."

Zhou Hao Zhou Fang is the long brother, if this to speculate, Zhou Fang was born in Kaiyuan (713-741) the end of the year. ), Was born in the official home, travel in the Qing and the nobility. Former Yuezhou (now Zhejiang Shaoxing) long history, Xuanzhou (now Anhui Xuancheng) long history do not drive, its position after a governor of the governor. Zhou Fang can get the official position and his brother's position, his brother Zhou Hao with the brother Shu-hu levy Tuke Fort stone city and other military exploits. In the early years of learning Zhang Xuan, he is also longer than the darling, good portrait, Buddha, its style as "simple clothes, color soft, rich to body."

Successor state more state, Xuanzhou long history. Workers and girls, beginner Zhang Xuan and to be sketched change, write aristocratic women, made excellent leisurely leisurely, plump, dressed gorgeous, with Jane Jin, soft color, for the then court, scholar of the heavy, said the first time. Painting statues, dignified dignified, when said God goods.

De Zong heard its name, Chao Zhang Ming Temple, after more than a month, when the first push. Zhang Ming Temple murals under the occasion of the fall of ink, many people competing, the temple only garden door, Xian Yu finished, or have their words, or have their flaws, after the change all sigh their subtle. Sculptor imitated, known as "Zhou family like". (679-781) son Zhao portrait portrait, failed to set the pros and cons, Zhao said that "both are similar, and dry painting its appearance, Fang painting can have both emotional "The painting of the flames hit the name of the Chinese and foreign, painting pommel horse, birds and animals, vegetation, when people learn a lot, Cheng Yi, Gao Yun, Wei Xian are his disciples. Good text, can book.

Often in the dream to see its image. Painted children for the ancient and modern crown. There are "muddy paternity banquet map", "Liu Xuanwu by dance", "Tokgo Princess by song powder". And "Zhongni asked Li Tu", "down the map", "five-star map", "flutter map", and write the real people, Wen Xuan Wang ten disciples, scroll up to. At the end of Zhen Yuan, some people in Silla, in the best price to close dozens of volumes. Will go, its painting Buddha really fairy children, are God also. Only pommel horse birds and animals, bamboo vegetation, not the poor its shape also.

Translation: Tang Dynasty people Zhou Fang, the word King Xuan, is the Kyoto area people. After the official Jiedushi, continue to good words, in the painting, he will learn all the skills of the hand. He was between the dignitaries, is a noble son brother. Zhou Fang's brother Zhou Zhizhong good riding archery, with the general brother of Shu Shu Han expedition (by: this Tibet.) To recover the stone Fort city, because of the return of war after the official grant of gold, control of Kyoto's law and order. At that time, Tang Dezong was repair Zhang Jing Temple, summoned Zhou said: "love Qing, your brother Zhou Fang good at painting, I would like to ask him to draw the statue of King Temple, please tell him." After some days, Zhou 晧 please once, Zhou Fang began to draw. Originally drawn out of the statue, Zhou Fang will be the same as the screen on the monastery, the whole of Kyoto people can see. Zhang Jing Temple in front of the palace, whether it is virtuous people, or foolish people, have to see the portrait. Some people say that painting is good, some people say that painting is not good. Some people pick out the trouble, Zhou Fang at any time to modify.

After more than a month, the comments are good or bad people, people are admiring this statue painted very good! Finally, the painting finished, at the time the world number first. Guo Ziyi's assistant minister Zhao longitudinal, once let Han Qian painted a portrait, we all praise painting well. Later, he also invited Zhou Fang portrait. Han, Zhou was the most famous painter. Once, Guo Ling Gong these two portraits and put together, let people comment on the pros and cons, who can not assess it.

Is to catch his daughter Zhao returned home to visit relatives, so that the public asked: "This is the two pairs of painting who?" Replied: "is my Zhao Lang gentleman." Q: "Which image is most like?" The two images are very much like, but after the best one. Q: "Why do you say that? "A:" The first portrait only painted Zhao Lang's appearance, after a demeanor, expression, jokes are painted out of the posture. "Let the public question:" Who is painting after the one? "Someone replied:" is Zhou Fang painted. "The same day set out the advantages and disadvantages of the two pictures, Guo Ziyi sent to Zhou Fang sent a few hundred pieces of gold to the table to express gratitude. Kyoto Changan a Taoist view of the water on the Guanyin statue, The portrait, the portrait of the Buddha, the portrait of the two sides of the temple before the Buddha, are exotic wonderful. These portraits are Zhou Fang's works. Zhou Fang later served as Xuanzhou do not drive during his tenure, he painted a statue of the Northern King. After painting, he often in the dream to see the king to him here.Zhou Fang painting the world of men and women, can be regarded as the ancient and ancient first hand.

This kind of painting: "mud paternity banquet map", "Liu Xuanwu by dance", "Tokgo Princess by song powder". There are many pictures of "Zhongnian Li Li Tu", "Xian Zhen Zhen", "Five Star", "Fu Pui Tu", and the reality of you, Tang Dezong Zhen Yuan years, there is a return from the people of Xinluo, in the JAC area, with a very high price to buy dozens of volumes of Zhou Fang's paintings. He was about to leave, found that he bought these paintings on the immortal, live, and men, women are immortal, gone. Only pommel horse birds and animals, bamboo vegetation, still painting above.

"Ming Fei ride from the map," "Palace ride map" "You Chunshi female map" and so have been lost, the existing "hairpin ladies" Figure "" fan fan ladies figure "" tune piano chime tea map "and several other pass for its work.

Handed down the works of "fans fan figure" volume, silk, color, depicting the palace of the ladies summer cool, view embroidery, makeup and other life scenes, full of plump, penny Jinzhuo, flowing, Elegant style, now possession of the National Palace Museum; "Hairpin Ladies" Volume (Biography) description of the palace aristocratic women in the spring and summer at the turn of the scene in the garden, possession of Liaoning Province Museum; "tune pique tea map" , The United States Nelson Art Museum. Art activities about in the Tang calendar, Zhen Yuan.
Zhou Fang was a famous religious painter and figure painter. About his activities, the following two interesting little stories. Zhou Fang, Han Qian have painted Guo Ziyi's son-in-law portrait of Zhao. Two paintings hanging together, everyone can not tell the pros and cons. Later, Guo Ziyi's daughter in person, that Han Gan's painting "empty Zhao Lang appearance", and Zhou Fang can "and shift its air, had Zhao Lang affectionate like words." Thus, Zhou Fang's art is considered more than Han Gan. It is said that Zhou Fang's portrait can be vividly reached a higher level. Zhou Fang in Changan Tonghua outside the new Zhang Ming Temple (big calendar two years, AD 767 years) painting murals, painting on the draft later, the capital of the audience to tens of thousands of juice, and have to make comments, some people say good, Some people pointed out the shortcomings, Zhou Kang humbly listen, after a month of modification, so that the public that is completely satisfied, and was pushed as the first time. This story not only shows Zhou Fang as a good artist has the virtue, but also specifically explains how the religious art and the demands and aspirations of the masses have been combined.
Zhou Fang painting is very serious, it is said that when the creation of non-stop thinking "As for the feeling of sleep, showing that phase instrument, pass the Carpenter." Dream to see the pursuit of the image.

Zhou Fang created the most famous Buddhist image is "Water Moon Goddess of Mercy", seen in the record. Changan Guangde Square Shengguang Temple tower southeast of Zhou has been painted, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes found in a frame and Anxi Wanfo Gorge of the incitement of the murals are still examples of the Tang Dynasty water moon Guanyin map. Zhou Fang's Buddhist painting has become a long-term popular standard, and called "Zhou family sample."

Zhou Fang's works, according to the records of people at that time is "clothes Jane Jane", "color soft", depicting the image of women is "rich as the body", these features can be in the existing Zhou Fang's works: Ladies figure "," hairpin ladies figure "to see.

"Tune piano chime map" and "fan fan figure" in the past are considered Zhou Fang's works. The era and style of the works are close to Zhou Fang. "The tune of the puppet sip tea map" performance of two women in the quiet look forward to another woman naughty strings ready to play. In the picture, the dusk of the gods and the fine movements of the tunes are depicted to be very precise and expressive. This picture, through an instant gesture of action, describes the ancient aristocratic women in the monotonous life of leisurely mood. "Fan fan ladies figure" at this point also succeeded. Open book a lady lazily leaning on, thoughtful demeanor also revealed their loneliness of life. "Fan fan ladies figure" full volume of thirteen people, the performance of the official life of the scene.

"Hairpin ladies scrolls" drawn from the palace of women's life, decorative gorgeous luxury Yan concubines in the garden leisurely. The characters are plump, calm and gentle movements, the expression of peace and peace, concubines of the identity and life characteristics of the performance was very full. The environment is only by two cranes and puppies implied and not directly described. The main success of this painting is in the image and dynamic scoring aspects.

The most popular theme of these ladies' paintings is the loneliness, idleness and boredom of the ancient aristocratic women in the narrow and poor life. Depicting their gorgeous appearance, but also through their demeanor to reveal their emotional life, to a certain extent, reflects the feudal society for women's bondage.

Zhou Fang works have been lost a lot, but the title can be seen from the general content, such as: You spring, cooking tea, railing, flute, dance crane, lap, flute, Go and other names of the ladies figure.

Zhou Fang works in the Tang Dynasty was very popular with the Korean people. So far can also see Japan to retain the Zhou Fang style ancient ladies painting. The image of the abundance of women in the Tang Dynasty, especially in the Tang Dynasty and its later is widely popular. Xinjiang Turpan Tomb also found. Tang Dynasty pottery figurines are also many.

Zhou Fang's disciples have Cheng Xiu, Wang, Zhao Bo Xuan, Zhao Bowen and so on. Which Cheng has been pursued Zhou Zhou for twenty years, and Zhou Fang the deepest relationship, at the time the most attention.

Zhou Fang's theme covers the subject matter of Zhang Xuan and other ladies' painters at that time. Which in addition to the general aristocratic women's life outside the subject matter, especially noteworthy that there is a specific description of Tang Ming Huang Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan various activities of the works, such as "Ming Huang satisfied cool map", "Ming imperial cockfighting bird" Ming Huang hit the Indus map "," Ming Huang night tour "," Yang Fei bathing map "," too teach parrot map ", as well as the picture of Mrs. Guo Guo. These works directly show the emperor and his life in the extravagant romantic life without causing discrimination, and is repeated by many painters. It can also be seen when the ladies painting to flourish the social psychological background.

In the example of the Tang Dynasty ladies' painting, "the tune of the piano chime tea", "Guo Guo wife spring map" and "pounding map" are obvious plot, the action description also get greater success, At that time, ladies and dancers depict ladies' swifts, railing, flute, flapping and other activities, whose purpose is to show the emotional state of people engaged in these activities, rather than simply describe their appearance activities, can be seen at the time The actual level. And all the art of the Tang Dynasty ladies' paintings (including the new unearthed painted maids and silk paintings) embodies the characteristics of the life of the times and aesthetic ideas, but also of great significance.

Painting Buddha, also especially Zhou dry director. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Northern and Southern Dynasties to drop, Buddhism increasingly prosperous, Taoism is also very popular. Temple view throughout the country, so the Tang Dynasty painting art to reflect the majority of religious content. But the obvious difference between the painting and the past was that the Buddhist scriptures were harmonized with the real-life characters, so that the works were able to draw new material from the real life and thus give them a vigorous vitality , Zhou Fang in this area of ​​artistic creation is more typical.
According to records, Zhou Fang had a lot of temples in the brush painting. Zhang Jing Temple, Guangfu Temple, Shengguang Temple, Zen Temple, on the water and other view of the temple have his handwriting. Xuan and Royal House collection of his sixty-two pictures, of which all kinds of kings like, Laojun and other statues of thirty-two, accounting for 44 percent of the total. Tang Ren Zhang Huai said: "Today are on the concept of Bodhisattva, when people cloud water month, big cloud west Buddha temple front monk, Guangfu Temple in front of two gods, are wonderful also." Also said: "The painting Buddha, really Fairy, character, ladies, all gods also.

In the painting of Buddha, Zhou Fang played a high degree of artistic creativity. "Qinghe painting and calligraphy Square" records, rumors that he painted women like "eye wave bright fresh, no eyebrows, lips and white teeth, repair ear hanging nose", not for delicate and beautiful gesture. It is clear that Zhou Fang secluded religious art. This is undoubtedly prompted the art of painting to the realism of the creative path. In this regard, Zhou Fang has gradually formed its own unique artistic style - water on the body. This kind of water on the body is on the view of the Buddha in the portrait of the show, to soft strokes, the image of strict and famous, so later known as the water on the concept. Zhang Yanyuan said: "clothes Jin Jane, color color soft, Bodhisattva end strict, wonderful water of the body of the month."

Tang Dynasty Yousheng figure painting, this may be the needs of the times. Zhou Fang is in Sheng, Zhong Tang Changan most famous religion, figure painter. He started school Zhang Xuan, after the style of their own, good painting rich and rich ladies, and very portrait. The story of the world: Guo Ziyi's son-in-law Zhao vertical and Han dry for their paintings a portrait, and hung in the room, Guo's daughter after the view, said: Zhou Fang Zhao Lang painted "temperament smile" The The story was passed on. And his Buddhist statues, such as "Water Moon Goddess of Mercy" at that time was regarded as a model, once known as "Zhou family like." His works at the time spread to Japan, Silla (now the middle of the Korean Peninsula), so far there are still authentic to find. Because the age is long, although the ancient pass, the original is no longer seen so far. Readers can only from the Ming Dynasty Tang Yin, Qiuying and other ladies in the painting, a little knowledge of its legacy.
Zhou Fang's artistic activity is longer, up to three or four decades, that is, the calendar to Zhenyuan years (766-805), its activities mainly concentrated in Chang'an and Jiangnan two places. Zhou Fang's official career and aristocratic status so that he long tour in the nobility of the children, it has the opportunity to accept Zhang Xuan's painting theme and artistic techniques. (Zhou Zhang's style and Zhang Xuan of the traces are so similar, so that future generations from the Zhou Fang is not in the ladies of the roots of the stained with the color of this "Small different" to distinguish between the two works.In fact, there are many Zhou Fang Zhang Fang did not have a new creation

Zhou Fang is good at painting less than its division Zhang Xuan Guangbo, he is longer than the ladies painting, portraits and Buddhist paintings, only in the figure of the various branches. But Zhou Fang has many artistic unique, he created a dignified body of the "water on Guanyin", the Guanyin painted in the water on the moon, quite artistic charm. This is not only for the painter imitation, but also become a sculptor craftsman's style, spread very wide. More importantly, the descendants of Zhou Fang's character painting, especially the ladies painting and the image of the Buddha statue as "Zhou like", and "Cao like" (North Qi Cao Zhongda), "Zhang like" (Southern Liang (The Tang Dynasty Wu Daozi) and together, collectively known as the "four samples", is the ancient Chinese painting with the nature of the first style, respected by the ancient painter.

"Zhou family" marks the emergence of Zhou Fang's artistic achievements and artistic status has been beyond the Zhang Xuan, but also shows that Zhou Fang's painting has a deep foundation of the people. "Zhou family like" the emergence and Zhang Xuan made the art of bedding is closely related. More importantly, before this, both the court painter and folk painter, are in the shape of the ladies painting to form a certain program, in the painting, color and composition of the performance language has reached a fairly mature level. Such as Dunhuang Tang Dynasty many of the frescoes on the female image is the former source of Zhou Fang figure painting, but also there is the cross between Zhou Fang and folk painters. So it can be said, "Zhou like" is not Zhou Fang imagination, it has a profound social foundation and strong artistic foundation. "Zhou family sample" summed up and concentrated and refined the former Yin and contemporary artists who have the basis of the development of the art language, by the people and future generations as a model of the figure is also inevitable.

From the following two stories of rumors, you can find out how Zhou Fang is the pack, in the art reached the point of praise. Zhou Fang, although the aristocratic children, but pay great attention to listen to the lower people to improve their painting art views.

Once, Zhou Fang Feng Tang Zong Li Li Gong, painting King Zhang Temple God, an instant attracted to the capital million people come to watch, there are words of their wonderful, but also refers to the flaws, Zhou Fang can humbly listen to modify the views, More than until the public said, had just stopped pen. Zhou Fang's portrait in revealing the spirit of the character of the essence of victory. According to legend, the Tang Dynasty champion Guo Ziyi's son-in-law minister Zhao asked Han Qian and Zhou Fang has for his portrait, after painting, Zhao portrait portrait placed on the side, and sometimes difficult to determine the pros and cons, Zhao lady back home after the comment: Painting is like, the former artist empty Zhao Lang appearance, after the painting and moved his air, Zhao Lang temperament joke of the posture. "The words of Zhou Fang's art of the place.

Zhou Fang not only in the portrait to dig the depths of the characters, but also more carefully in the palace of all kinds of ladies mentality subtlely displayed on the silk, such as melancholy, sad, lament, melancholy and grievances, etc., generally demonstrated through "An Shi chaos", the Tang Palace ladies who decadent state of mind. This is also a downward trend to the Tang Dynasty empire of a microcosm, reflects the sense of crisis Zhou Fang and was confiscated in the palace of the palace of the sympathy, deepened the theme of Zhang Xuan female painting. Zhang Xuan and Zhou Fang, respectively, living in the "Anshi chaos" before and after the times the difference will inevitably be in their ladies in the female spirit of the painting reflected.

Zhou Fang's ladies' painting represents the leading style of the ladies' painting in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. His female image is rich in body, rich in cheeks, full of skin and beauty, and all the ladies' Colorful. The painting reflects the palace ladies monotonous lonely life, such as fluttering butterfly, zheng, chess, fan, music, yawn (yawn) and so on. The Northern Song Dynasty "Xuanhe painting" recorded his seventy-two paintings, have been buried in the world.

Unfortunately, Zhou Fang did not copy the text, there are some ancient paintings for his masterpiece. The so-called "biography" is today's reference to the predecessors of the more reliable identification and a considerable collection of historical records. Although there are questions, but with Zhou Fang's ideas and style is similar, and Zhou Fang's life is similar or not far away. Such as "hairpin ladies figure" volume, "fan fan ladies figure" volume and "tone Qin Shi Tu" volume, on behalf of Zhou Fang unique painting features. Another frame "barbarians Gonggong map" Although the style and the three different, but the spread of the thread, can be learned and Zhou Fang era similar to the painting style. As for the old biography for Zhou Fang's "doubleman map" volume has been identified as a copy of the Song Dynasty.

Zhou Fang's artistic influence is through the "Zhou family" spread in later generations. His ladies painting has long been criticized by the critics of "painting children for the ancient and modern crown" (Tang Zhu Jingxuan "Tang Dynasty paintings"). The ladies of the late Tang Dynasty were almost all in the stage of "Zhou Zai-like", and "Zhou-like" controlled the women's painting in the late Tang Dynasty. To the fifth generation, this art pattern continues to remain in the Zhou area has been active in the Jiangnan area, such as the Southern Tang Li Jing Li Yuzhao (958-975) Zhou Wenzhong, propaganda Zhou Fang's ladies painting art. Five generations of the north of the ladies tend to look thin and thin, such as the Five Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty Ruan Gao "Langyuan Palace cents map" volume, the Northern Song Dynasty image of the ladies still visible Zhang Xuan, Zhou Fang's intention, but the body has tended to slim. Southern Song Mu Yi is the inheritance of Zhang Xuan, Zhou Fang style of the ladies painter, "pound Tuyi" volume (Taipei Palace Museum) is his typical. In the Song Dynasty, many figures painters in varying degrees by the "Zhou like" facial modeling effect. Yuan Zhao Zhao by virtue of his "Rongji five dynasties," the lofty status, in the Yuan Ting both inside and outside the highly respected Tang style of painting, Zhang Xuan, Zhou Fang's ladies modeling again popular painting. The most outstanding is the Yuan Shunde dynasty (1333-1368) of the court painter Zhou Lang, his "Du Qiutu" volume is entirely from the "Zhou family like" shape, but a pen with a pen elegant Free and easy rhythm. Until the Ming and Qing dynasties, due to the whole society on the feminine aesthetic has undergone a fundamental change, no longer appreciate the rich body of the Guanzhong woman's beauty, turned to describe the delicate and exquisite, clear thin Jiangnan women, widely popular Scroll painting. Because of the religious murals of the manuscripts from generation to generation, with relative stability, religious themes in the female image more to save the "Zhou like" modeling features.

The artistic influence of "Zhou Jia-like" was as early as the Tang Dynasty, and its artistic charm was dumped by the painters of neighboring Silla (now the middle of the Korean Peninsula). Zhenyuan years (785-805), the Silla to Zhou Fang has been active in the JAC area with the best price to buy Zhou Fang's paintings. "Zhou family" not only affects the figure of Silla, but also across the sea to the east, spread to the Japanese Nara era Buddhist statues, such as hidden in the Tokyo National Museum of Japan, "auspicious day portrait." This period the shape of the Japanese ladies painting is straight to take "Zhou like" shape, such as hidden in the Tokyo National Museum of Japan, "Bird Mao Li female screen" and so on.

Tang Dynasty people Zhou Fang, word Jing Xuan, is the Kyoto area people. After the official Jiedushi, continue to good words, in the painting, he will learn all the skills of the hand. He was between the dignitaries, is a noble son brother. Zhou Fang's brother Zhou Zhizhong good riding archery, with the general brother of Shu Shu Han expedition (by: this Tibet.) To recover the stone Fort city, because of the return of war after the official grant of gold, control of Kyoto's law and order. At that time, Tang Dezong was repair Zhang Jing Temple, summoned Zhou said: Zhou Aiqing, your brother Zhou Fang good at painting, I would like to ask him to draw the statue of King Temple, please tell him. After some days, Dezong let Zhou Zhou invited once, Zhou Fang began to draw. Originally drawn out of the statue, Zhou Fang will be the same as the screen on the monastery, the whole of Kyoto people can see. Zhang Jing Temple in front of the palace, whether it is virtuous people, or foolish people, have to see the portrait. Some people say that painting is good, some people say that painting is not good. Some people pick out the trouble, Zhou Fang at any time to modify. After more than a month, the comments are good or bad people, people are admiring this statue painted very good! Finally, the painting finished, at the time the world number first. Guo Ziyi's assistant minister Zhao longitudinal, once let Han Qian painted a portrait, we all praise painting well. Later, he also invited Zhou Fang portrait. Han, Zhou was the most famous painter. Once, Guo Ling Gong these two portraits and put together, let people comment on the pros and cons, who can not assess it. Is to catch up with his daughter Zhao came back to visit relatives, so that the public asked: who is the two pairs of painting? Zhao replied: is my Zhao Lang gentleman. Guo Ling Gong asked: Which image is most like? Mrs. Zhao A: The two images are very much like. But after the best one. Guo Kui-cong asked: why do you say that? Mrs. Zhao A: The first portrait is just Zhao Lang's appearance painted like, after a demeanor, expression, jokes are painted out of the posture. Guo Ling Gong asked: who is painted after a picture? Some people replied: is Zhou Fang painted. Set the day after the pros and cons of the two pictures, Guo Ziyi people sent to Zhou Fang Jin Pui hundreds of pieces, to express my gratitude. Kyoto, Chang'an, a temple in the view of the water on the concept of Goddess of Mercy, the Buddhist temple in front of the street monk portrait, Guangfu Temple Buddha before the two sides of the portrait, are wonderful wonderful. These images are Zhou Fang's works. Zhou Fang later official Xuanzhou do not drive. During his tenure, he painted a statue of the northern king. After the painting, he often saw the king in the dream to come to him here. Zhou Fang painting the world of men and women, can be regarded as the ancient and ancient first saint. This kind of painting: "mud paternity banquet map", "Liu Xuanwu by dance", "Tokgo Princess by song powder". There are many pictures of "Zhongnian Li Li Tu", "Xian Zhen Zhen", "Five Star", "Fu Pui Tu", and the reality of you, Tang Dezong Zhen Yuan years, there is a return from the people of Xinluo, in the JAC area, with a very high price to buy dozens of volumes of Zhou Fang's paintings. He was about to leave, found that he bought these paintings on the immortal, live, and men, women are immortal, gone. Only pommel horse birds and animals, bamboo vegetation, still painting above.
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