The Museum of the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum of the Nanyue King (Chinese: 西汉南越王博物馆) houses the 2,000-year-old tomb of the Nanyue King Zhao Mo in Guangzhou, China. Zhao Mo ruled from 137 BC to 122 BC, and his tomb was discovered in downtown Guangzhou in 1983. The museum, which opened in 1988, showcases the tomb and its complete trove of artifacts. It was named a Major National Historical Site in 1996 and is renowned for its rare assemblage of funerary artifacts representing the diffusion of cultures throughout the Lingnan region during the Han dynasty.
The Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King, opened in 1988, was built at the tomb site of the second Nanyue King, covering an area of 17,400 m2. It housed 11,465 relics, with the exhibitions of the tomb site, relics unearthed from the tomb and the ceramic pillows donated by Mr. Yeung Wing-Tak.
The tomb of the Nanyue King was discovered by chance in June 1983. It was discovered intact and had not been plundered. 10,434 historical relics were unearthed, including the Administrative Seal of Emperor Wen. The seal proves the identity of the tomb occupant to be the second Nanyue King, Zhao Mo. Fifteen sacrificial victims were also found buried with the deceased emperor. The tomb is the largest and the best preserved color-painted stone chamber tomb found to date in the Lingnan region in South China. In 1996, the State Council declared it one of China’s major historical sites. The museum also has a collection of over 400 ceramic pillows, among which over 200 pieces were donated by Mr. and Mrs. Yeung Wing-Tak. The pillows range in date from the Tang Dynasty to the modern times, with the majority produced during the Song and Jin Dynasties. The collection of ceramic pillows is unparalleled at home and abroad in terms of quantity, variety and places of the kilns.
As a typical representative of modern buildings in the south, the museum has won several awards at home and abroad on its building style for its perfect combination of the essence of the Chinese culture and modern architecture.
The tomb has yielded more than 1,000 burial artifacts, a chariot, gold and silver vessels, musical instruments, and human sacrifices were found (15 courtiers were buried alive with him to serve him in death). It is also among the only tombs of the early Western Han dynasty that has murals on its walls.
The tomb also excavated an imperial seal, belonging to that of "Emperor Wen" (Văn Đế), indicating that he considered himself equal in rank to the Han ruler. A bronze seal inscribed "Tư Phố hầu ấn" (Seal for Captain of Tư Phố County) was uncovered at Thanh Hoa in northern Vietnam during the 1930s. Owing to the similarity to seals found at the tomb of the second king of Nam Viet, this bronze seal is recognized as an official seal of the Nam Viet Kingdom.
Alongside Chinese artifacts, pieces from the steppes, and Iranian and Hellenistic Central Asian regions have been found: a Persian silver box found in the tomb is the earliest imported product found to date in China. There were artifacts that were found in which belonged to the Đông Sơn culture of northern Vietnam.
A silk-jade garment made up of 2,291 pieces of jade is the spotlight of the mausoleum. It is acknowledged that jade garments with pieces connected by gold, silver, or copper are not uncommon. But this garment is unique for its jade pieces connected by silk which makes it the only one of its kind in the world. Nor are historical records available to verify other jade garments connected by silk thread. In addition, the style of buttons down the front is unique among unearthed jade garments. This silk-sewn-jade garment shows the early development of jade garments as well as development of the Nanyue culture.
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