Melikhovo is a writer's house museum in the former country estate of the Russian playwright and writer Anton Chekhov. Chekhov lived in the estate from March 1892 until August 1899, and it is where he wrote some of his most famous plays and stories, including The Seagull and Uncle Vanya. The estate is located about forty miles south of Moscow near Chekhov.
Melikhovo - an ancient village near Moscow is closely connected with the name of the great Russian writer Anton Chekhov. Period (1892-1899) - the most successful years of his life and work. There was written "Ward № 6", "The Man In A Case", "Ionych", "About Love", "The House with an Attic", the play "The Seagull" and "Uncle Vanya". Our museum cherishes the memory of Chekhov - writer, physician and public figure.
In 1899, Melikhovo became the property of Baron Nikolai Stuart, who used it as a summer house until the Russian Revolution. Only two pieces of Chekhov's belongings remained there; his grand piano and his writing desk. After the Revolution Baron Stuart was arrested and shot by the Bolsheviks.
The estate was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in October 1918, and declared a site of historical and cultural importance, but little was done to protect the house and property. In 1927 Melikhovo became a Sovkhoz, or State collective farm named for Chekhov, and new agricultural buildings, garages and grain silos were built a few meters from the Chekhov house. The main house was completely destroyed, with only a plaque marking its location. The cottage where Chekhov wrote The Sea Gull was in a state of ruin. Only in 1940 did an effort begin to protect and restore the property. A museum was opened in January 1941, but closed a few months following the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Melikhovo was declared a state monument in June 1944, even as World War II was underway, and work began again to restore the buildings. The new museum was opened September 25, 1944. The ruined guest cottage was restored in 1954. Beginning in 1957, the main house was rebuilt from the ground up; it was completed in 1960. In the 1960s. the old Sovkhoz was finally moved to another location, and its buildings demolished. The gardens were replanted with fruit trees and flowers as they were in Chekhov's time. Restoration and reconstruction work on the buildings of the estate was still continuing in 2011.
Today the Melikhovo Estate museum resembles the estate as it was in Chekhov's time. The house, guest cottage, and cookhouse have been restored or rebuilt, along a bathhouse, stables, and other estate buildings. Nearby one of the village schools built by Chekhov has been restored, and there is also a reproduction of an "Ambulatoria," one of the village clinics where Chekhov would treat patients. The country house of one of the neighbors has also been restored, and now houses the Chekhov International Theater School.
During the summer scenes from Chekhov plays are presented on the porch of the main house, for an audience seated in the garden.
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